Medications
Anti-Depressants
FDA requires all antidepressants to carry a black box warning stating that antidepressants may increase the risk of suicide in persons younger than 25.
This warning is based on statistical analyses conducted by two independent groups of the FDA experts that found a 2-fold increase of the suicidal
ideation and behavior in children and adolescents, and 1.5-fold increase of suicidality in the 18–24 age group. The suicidality was slightly decreased for
those older than 24, and statistically significantly lower in the 65 and older group.
Antidepressants may induce mania, mixed states, rapid cycling and/or psychosis in some bipolar patients, particularly if they are not also being treated
with a mood stabilizer
Brand
Generic
Manufacturer
Note
Prozac
fluoxetine hydrochloride
Eli Lilly
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor. May also be used in
treatment of OCD, bulimia nervosa, premenstrual dysphoric disorder,
and panic disorders.
Paxil
paroxetine hydrochloride
GlaxoSmithKline
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor. May also be used in
treatment of generalized anxiety, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety,
PTSD, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, tension headaches. May
cause significant weight gain.
Zoloft
sertraline hydrochloride
Pfizer
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor. May also be used in
treatment of OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety, PTSD, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder
Celexa
citalopram
Forest Lab
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor. May also be used in
treatment of anxiety, panic disorder, ADHD, PMDD, Body dysmorphic
disorder and OCD
Strattera
atomoxetine hyrdrochloride
Eli Lilly
Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. Intended to be an
antidepressant; in clinical trials, no such benefits could be proven.
Norepinephrine is believed to play a role in ADHD, it was tested-and
subsequently approved-as an ADHD treatment.
MHRA Drug Safety
Update: Associated with treatment-emergent psychotic or manic
symptoms in children and adolescents without a history of disorders.
Luvox
fluvoxamine maleate
Abbott
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI). May also be used in
treatment of anxiety disorders, OCD, post-traumatic stress, and
possibly irritable bowel syndrome.
Lexapro
escitalopram
Forest Lab
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor. May also be used in
treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, or
panic disorder.
Cymbalta
duloxetine hydrochloride
Eli Lilly
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. May also be used in
treatment of General Anxiety Disorder,  stress urinary incontinence,
peripheral neuropathy and fibromyalgia.
Wellbutrin
buproprion hydrochloride
GlaxoSmithKline
Atypical Antidepressant/Smoking Cessation Aid. May also be used in
treatment of ADHD, seasonal affect disorder, weight loss. Lowers
seizure threshold/potential to cause seizures.
Parnate
tranylcypromine
GlaxoSmithKline
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor and antianxiety agent. May also be used
to treat mood and anxiety disorders
Tofranil-PM
imipramine hydrochloride
imipramine pamoate
Covidien-Mallinckrodt
Tricyclic Antidepressant. May also be used in treatment of enuresis,
migraines, ADHD, panic attacks and chronic pain. May cause weight
gain.
Norpramin
desipramine hydrochloride
Sanofi-Aventis
Tricyclic Antidepressant. May also be used in treatment of ADD in
children over 6, cocaine withdrawl. FDA warning for healthcare to use
caution when prescribing desipramine hydrochloride (Norpramin) in
patients with a family history of dysrhythmias or sudden cardiac death.
Oleptro
trazodone hydrochloride
Labopharm
FDA approved Feb 2010 for treatment of Major Depressive Disorder.
Effexor
venlafaxine hydrochloride
Pfizer
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI). May also be
used in treatment of general anxiety disorder, migraines, OCD, ADHD
Anafranil
clomipramine
Covidien-Mallinckrodt
Tricyclic-both antidepressant and antiobsessional. May also be used in
treatment of OCD.
Pamelor
nortriptyline
Covidien-Mallinckrodt
Tricyclic Antidepressant. May also be used in treatment of enuresis,
chronic fatigue, migraines, panic disorder, irritable bowel syndrome.
May reduce symptoms of ADHD
Emsam
selegiline transdermal system
Dey
Division of Mylan
MAO inhibitors. FDA approved for treatment of major depression.
**generic only
amoxapine
Watson Lab
Tricyclic antidepressant with mild sedative component. Tardive
dyskinesia may develop in patients treated with neuroleptic
antipsychotic drugs. Amoxapine is not an antipsychotic, but it has
substantive neuroleptic activity.
**generic only
amitriptyline
  Tricyclic Antidepressant. May also be used in treatment of epilepsy,
anxiety, panic disorder, mania in conjunction with another Rx, acute
and chronic akathisia induced by antipsychotics.
**generic only
maprotiline
Mylan
Tetracyclic Antidepressant (TeCA), Antianxiety effects. May also be
used in the treatment of bipolar depression, relief of anxiety, tension
and insomnia
Nardil
phenelzine
Pfizer
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI). Antianxiety properties. May also
be used in the treatment of PTSD, treatment resistant depression,
dysthymia, bipolar depression, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder,
bulimia. Linked to vitamin B6 deficiency.
Vivactil
Protriptyline
Teva
Tricyclic Antidepressant. May also be used in the treatment of ADHD,
narcolepsy, recurrent headaches, panic disorder, enuresis, bulimia,
smoking cessation
Surmontil
trimipramine
Odyssey
Tricyclic Antidepressant. May also be used in the treatment of
depression with prominent agitation and anxiety, insomnia, alcohol
and opioid withdrawl, chronic pain.
Marplan
isocarboxazid
Validus
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor. May also be used in treatment of
resistant depression, social anxiety and panic disorder
Anti-Convulsants/Mood Stabilizers
Brand
Generic
Manufacturer
Note
Lamictal
lamotrigine
GlaxoSmithKline
Anticonvulsant/Seizure. May also be used in treatment of bipolar
disorder, neuropathy, migraines, depersonalization disorder, bipolar
II disorders, schizoaffective disorder, borderline personality disorder,
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Eskalith, Lithane,
Lithobid, Lithonate,
Lithotabs
lithium carbonate
  Antimanic agent. May also be used in treatment of blood disorders,
depression, schizophrenia, impulse control disorders and certain
mental illnesses in children.
Depakote
divalproex sodium
Abbott Laboratories
May be used in the treatment manic episodes bipolar disorder,
epilepsy, chronic pain associated with neuropathy, and migraine
headaches.  Rare cases, may be used for major depressive disorder.
Tegretol
carbamazepine
Novartis
Anticonvulsant/Seizure. May also be used in treatment of epilepsy,
bipolar, ADHD, schizophrenia, post traumatic stress
Neurontin
gabapentin
Pfizer
May be used in the treatment of pain, neuropathic pain, migraine
prevention. May not be as effective for mood stabilizing Bipolar
Disorder. Limited use for social anxiety, OCD, depression and
insomnia.
Topamax
topiramate
OrthoMcNeillJanssen
Anticonvulsant/Seizure. May be used in the treatment of epilepsy,
migraine prevention, bipolar, alcoholism, obesity, binge eating
bulimia, OCD and smoking cessation. Counteracts weight gain
associated with numerous antidepressants.
Depakine,
Sanofi-Aventis? Epival
valproate/valproic acid
Abbott Laboratories
Anticonvulsant/Seizure. FDA approved for treatment of manic
episodes associated with bipolar disorder and migraine headaches
Mirapex
pramipexole
  Non-Ergoline Dopamine Agonist. May be used in the treatment of
cluster headaches or bipolar with possible clinical depression or
fibromyalgia.
Gabitril
tiagabine
Cephalon
Anticonvulsant/Seizure. May be used in the treatment of anxiety
disorder
Dilantin
phenytoin
Pfizer
Antiepileptic. May be used in the treatment of epilepsy, depression
or anxiety.
Trileptal
oxcarbazepine
Novartis
Anticonvulsant/Seizure. May be used in the treatment of anxiety,
mood disorders and benign motor tics
Off-Label Usage Medications
Brand
Generic
Manufacturer
Note
Zofran
odansetron hydrochloride
GlaxoSmthKline
Antiemetic. Used to treat nausea and vomiting after
chemotherapy. May be useful in treatment of schizophrenia, sleep
apnea, and treating antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.
Cognex
tacrine
  Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; Primarily used in treatment of
Alzheimer's symptoms. Off-lable usage for ADHD or Tourettes. As
with most medications, not approved for use in children.
Inversine
mycameline
  Hypertensive/High Blood Pressure. Used with other Rx treat
Tourette's. Appears to improve symptoms: motor and vocal tics,
irritability, aggression, tension, and mood. Effectiveness being
studied for ADHD, essential tremor, OCD, bipolar disorder and
chronic fatigue syndrome.
Xenazine
tetrabenazine
  Orphan Drug. Used in treatment of tourette syndrome or other tic
disorder symptoms and tardive dyskinesia.
Catapres
clonodine
  Hypertensive/High Blood Pressure medication. Off label: Relieves
alcohol withdrawal, methadone and opiate detoxification, quitting
smoking, treat tourette's Syndrome.
Tenex
guanfacine hydrochloride
  Hypertensive/High Blood Pressure medication. May control
symptoms of ADHD and Tourette's
Provigil  
modafinil
  Anapleptic drug used to treat excessive sleepiness caused by
narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea or hypopnea syndrome. Label
now discourages its use by children for any purpose.
Vistaril
hydroxyzine
  Antihistamine for allergies, hives, itching, etc. May also be used for
motion sickness and mild anxiety.  
Benadryl
diphenhydramine
  Antihistamine; over the counter product. May also be used for
sleep aid or as a mild anxiolytic (antianxiety)
Inderal
propranolol hydrochloride
Astra Zaneca
Non-Selective Beta Blocker/Hypertensive. May also be used in
treatment for migraines, PTSD and aggression with brain injury
Schedule I-High potential for abuse. No currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United
States. Lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.
No prescriptions may be written for Schedule I substances.

Schedule II-High potential for abuse, currently accepted medical use or a currently accepted
medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical
dependence.

Schedule III-Potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and II,
currently accepted medical use, abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high
psychological dependence.

Schedule IV- Low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III,
currently accepted medical use, abuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological
dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III. May be refilled up to 5
times in 6 month period.

Schedule V-Low potential for abuse, currently accepted medical use, abuse may lead to limited
physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in
schedule IV.
SR-sustained release
ER/XR/XL-extended release
CD-controlled dose
LA-long acting
IR-immediate release
Anti-Psychotics/Neuroleptics
Tardive dyskinesia is known to occur in patients treated with neuroleptics with antipsychotic properties and other drugs with substantial neuroleptic
activity.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening neurological disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or
antipsychotic drugs.
Brand
Typical
Generic
Manufacturer
Note
Haldol
Yes
haloperidol
Jannsen
May also be used in treatment of Tourette's, aggression,
hyperactivity, psychosis, tic disorders, borderline personality disorder,
and uncontrollable severe behavioral disorders in children and
adolescents
Fanapt
Yes
iloperidone
Novartis
 
Orap
Atypical
pimozide
Teva
May be used in treatment to suppress the motor and phonic tics
associated with Tourette's disorder, resistant tics, delusional disorder.
Navane
Yes
thiothixene
Pfizer
May also be used in treatment of Tourette's
Invega
Atypical
paliperidone
Janssen
May also be used in the treatment of schizoaffective disorder.
Risperdal
Atypical
risperidone
Janssen
May also be used in treatment of irritability in children with autism,
Tourette's, tic disorders, OCD, disruptive behavior disorders in
children and eating disorders. 2007, approved as the only drug
available for treatment of schizophrenia in youth 13–17; bipolar
disorder in youth 10–17, joining lithium. May cause weight gain.
Seroquel
Atypical
quetiapine fumarate
AstraZeneca
May also be used in treatment of insomnia and anxiety disorders. Can
augment treatment for autism, OCD, PTSD, tourette's. Recommend
examinations every six months. May cause weight gain as appetite
persists even after meals
Geodon
Atypical
ziprasidone
Pfizer
May also be used in treatment of tic disorders.
Abilify
Atypical
aripiprazole
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Also has antidepressant properties. Approved by the FDA for
treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes in pediatric patients
aged 10–17 and adults. May treat irritability in persons with Autism.
Zyprexa
Atypical
olanzapine
Eli Lilly
May also be used in treatment of general anxiety disorder, panic
disorder, posttraumatic stress, eating disorders, Tourette's and
stuttering
Stelazine
Yes
trifluoperazine
GlaxoSmithKline
May also be used in treatment of agitation, patients with behavioural
problems, severe nausea and vomiting, severe anxiety
Clozaril
Atypical
clozapine
Novartis
May also be used in treatment of schizoid personality disorder and
chronic insomnia. Effective in reducing suicide risk in schizophrenia.
Has no dyscognitive effect. Usually last resort due to danger of
causing agranulocytosis and costs of  continual blood tests.
*Generic only
Yes
thioridazine
  May also be used in the treatment of agitated depression, alcohol
withdrawl, insomnia. Black box warning...could lead to potentially
life-threatening heart arrhythmias.
Thorazine
Yes
chlorpromazine
  May also be used in treatment of severe migraines, short term
management of severe anxiety and aggressive episodes.
Symbyax
Yes
olanzepine and
fluoxetine HCI
Eli Lilly
Key ingredients of Zyprexa (olanzapine) and Prozac (fluoxetine) in
one capsule. The first antidepressant approved by the FDA for acute
treatment of treatment-resistant depression and bipolar I depression
Fluanxol
Yes
flupenthixol
  Typical use as a long-acting injection given 2-3 times weekly to
individuals with schizophrenia who have poor compliance with
medication and suffer frequent relapses of illness
If you need help with prescriptions, please go
to the
Prescription Assistance page for
additional information on programs.
ADHD/Stimulant Medications
FDA review of reports of serious cardiovascular adverse events in patients taking usual doses of ADHD products revealed reports of sudden death in
patients with underlying serious heart problems or defects, and reports of stroke and heart attack in adults with certain risk factors.
Another FDA review of ADHD medicines revealed a slight increased risk (about 1 per 1,000) for drug-related psychiatric adverse events, such as
hearing voices, becoming suspicious for no reason, or becoming manic, even in patients who did not have previous psychiatric problems.
Brand
Generic
Manufacturer
Note
Dexedrine
dextroamphetamine sulfate
GlaskoSmithKline
Psychostimulant. Schedule II. May also be used in the treatment of
narcolepsy and obesity.
Ritalin
methylphenidate
Novartis
Psychostimulant. Schedule II. May also be used in the treatment of
lethargy, depression, narcolepsy, obesity and rarely other psychiatric
disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
Concerta
Janssen
Metadate (CD)
UCB inc
Methylin
Covidien-Mallinckrodt
Focalin
dexmethylphenidate
Novartis
Psychostimulant. Schedule II. May also be used in the treatment of
narcolepsy and major depression
Adderall
amphetamine asparatate,
amphetamine sulfate
Teva
Psychostimulant. Schedule II. May also be used in the treatment of
narcolepsy, treatment resistant depression or obesity.
Desoxyn
methamphetamine
hydrochloride
Lundbeck
Methamphetamine. May also be used in treatment of short-term aid to
weight loss
Vyvanse
lisdexamfetamine
Shire
Psychostimulant. Schedule II.
Daytrana
methylphenidate
Shire
Medicinal patch. Once daily for youth ages 6-12. Treatment when
traditional oral forms are not well-tolerated or if patients have difficulty
with compliance
Anti-Anxiety/Sedative Medications
Benzodiazepines also can cause or worsen depression.
Brand
Generic
Manufacturer
Note
Valium
diazepam
Roche
Benzodiazepine. Sedative effects. May also be used in treatment of
seizures, restless leg syndrome, alcohol withdrawl, insomnia.
Xanax
alprazolam
Pfizer
Benzodiazepine. Schedule IV. May be used to treat moderate to
severe anxiety disorders, panic attacks, and as an adjunctive
treatment for anxiety with moderate depression.
Halcion
triazolam
Pfizer
Benzodiazepine. May also be used in treatment of insomnia.  
Withdrawn from market in several countries because concern about
serious side-effects (mostly psychological).
Klonopin
clonazepam
Roche
Benzodiazepine. May also be used in treatment of seizure disorders,
insomnia, Tourette's, anxiety and panic disorders, in conjunction with
an antipsychotic for treatment of mania and/or psychosis.
Dalmane
flurazepam
Valeant
Sedative; May also be used in treatment for insomnia.
**generic only
oxazepam
Teva
Benzodiazepine. Schedule IV drug. May also be used in treatment for
agitation caused by alcohol withdrawl, social phobia, posttraumatic
stress disorder, insomnia, premenstrual syndrome.
Librium
chlordiazepoxide
Valeant
Anxiolytic/antianxiety-sedative/hypnotic. Short term (2–4 weeks)
treatment of anxiety which is severe and disabling or alcohol
withdrawl.
Tranxene
clorazepate dipotassium
Lundbeck
Benzodiazepine. May also be used to treat insomnia, alcohol
withdrawl or epilepsy
Ativan
lorazepam
Biovail
Benzodiazepine-Anxiolytic/Antianxiety, sedative/hypnotic. May also be
used for short term treatment of anxiety, insomnia.
BuSpar
buspirone hydrochloride
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Psychoactive drug approved specifically for General Anxiety Disorders.
Restoril
temazepam
Covidien-Mallinckrodt
Benzodiazepine. Schedule IV. May also be used for short-term
insomnia.